Which finishing technique controls shrinkage and provides flame retardant properties to fabric?

The finishing technique that controls shrinkage and provides flame retardant properties to fabric is fulling. Fulling involves the application of moisture, heat, and mechanical action to wool fabrics, causing the fibers to interlock and shrink. This process not only enhances the density and durability of the fabric but also effectively reduces shrinkage, thereby stabilizing the material after subsequent washes.

The unique nature of fulling helps in altering the texture and appearance of the fabric, enhancing its overall performance. In addition to controlling shrinkage, certain chemical treatments can be applied during the fulling process, contributing to the flame retardant properties. This dual functionality makes fulling a crucial finishing technique in the textile industry, particularly for fabrics intended for use in residential interiors where fire safety is a significant consideration.

Glazing, while it can provide a shiny finish to fabrics, does not primarily focus on managing shrinkage or flame retardancy. Calendering smoothens and compresses fabric layers for a polished finish but lacks the specific capabilities related to shrinkage control and flame resistance. Coating involves applying a layer of polymer or other substances to create a waterproof or protective barrier, which does not inherently alter shrinkage or provide flame retardancy in the same way fulling does.