What was a hallmark characteristic of Axminster rugs created before 1835?

The hallmark characteristic of Axminster rugs created before 1835 is that they were hand-knotted. This method of production is significant because it reflects the traditional craftsmanship that defined high-quality rug making during that era. Hand-knotting involves individual knots being tied into the foundation of the rug, which allows for intricate and detailed patterns that are often unique to the weaver's skill and the materials used.

During this period, Axminster rugs were noted for their elaborate designs and use of vibrant colors, a result of skilled artisans dedicating considerable time and effort to their creation. The hand-knotting technique not only contributed to the beauty and individuality of each piece but also ensured their durability and longevity.

In contrast, by 1835 and beyond, advancements in technology and the introduction of machines significantly changed the production of rugs. Machine-made rugs, often produced more quickly and at a lower cost, did not replicate the same level of craftsmanship found in their hand-knotted predecessors. The use of synthetic fibers also became more prevalent in later productions, moving away from natural materials typical of earlier artisan methods. Furthermore, the dyeing techniques evolved over time, moving toward more industrialized processes that diverged from the traditional methods before 1835.