What type of design element can be either structural or applied and creates perceived texture?

The correct choice is pattern, as it encompasses both structural elements and those that are applied, contributing to the overall perceived texture of a space. Patterns can be integrated into materials used within the architecture of a room, such as in flooring or wall treatments, or they can be applied through textiles, wallpapers, or decorative elements.

When patterns are used, they create visual interest and depth, affecting how texture is perceived. For instance, a patterned fabric can suggest a tactile quality even if it is smooth to the touch, enriching the sensory experience of the interior. The visual complexity provided by patterns can can influence the overall atmosphere, making a space feel more dynamic or cohesive depending on their application.

In contrast, ornamentation refers to decorative features that enhance but do not necessarily create texture on their own. Rhythm involves the arrangement and flow of various design elements, influencing movement and harmony but not directly impacting perceived texture. Color primarily affects mood and ambiance but does not inherently create texture, whether through structure or application. Thus, pattern stands out as the element that directly ties structural and applied designs to the experience of texture in interior environments.